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A NEW STUDY TIED AUTO BREWERY TO GUT BACTERIA
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OKAY BACK FROM THE MICROBIOLOGY LAB 🔬
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A MAN WHO DEVELOPED AUTO BREWERY AFTER COVID-19 😷
Yates And Saito Published A Case Report
It Describes A 52 Year Old Man With Depression
He Was Diagnosed With COVID-19 By An Antigen Test
His Symptoms Were Mild
He Seemingly Recovered Quickly After The Diagnosis
One Month Later He Began Having Episodes Of Dizziness
Some Episodes Included Slurred Speech
Others Included Getting Highly Emotional Or Aggressive
He Also Reported Foggy Memory
An Emergency Department Visit Followed An Episode
The Episode Happened During A Family Dinner
His Blood Ethanol Level Was 212 Milligrams Per Deciliter
He Denied Any Recent Alcohol Use Before That Visit
A Supervised Glucose Challenge Confirmed Auto Brewery Syndrome
Doctors Then Collected Fluid From His Stomach And Intestines
Fungal Cultures From That Fluid Were Negative
Bacterial Cultures Were Not Obtained
To Their Knowledge It Is The First Case After COVID-19 Infection
The Authors Say The Exact Mechanism Remains Unclear
Other Researchers Found Gut Microbiome Differences In COVID-19
Gut Microbiome Differences Persisted After The Virus Was Cleared
The Report Says It Is Possible The Virus Altered His Gut Flora
They Call The Infection Possibly One Contributing Factor
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WHAT CASE REPORTS NAMED AS THE ORGANISM 🍞
Case Reports Name Several Organisms Behind Auto Brewery
A Systematic Review Collected Those Reports
Its Authors Searched PubMed And Embase
Candida Albicans And Candida Glabrata Are Among The Species
The Review Also Lists Candida Parapsilosis And Candida Kefyr
Candida Intermedia And Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Are Listed Too
Saccharomyces And Candida Are The Genera Reported Most Often
Some Yeasts In Both Genera Are Known To Produce Ethanol
One Case In The Review Involved The Urinary Tract
Candida Glabrata And Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Colonized It
That Patient Had Chronic Glycosuria Or Sugar In The Urine
Yates And Saito Also Cite Saccharomyces Boulardii As Implicated
The Review's Species List Also Includes Klebsiella Pneumoniae Bacteria
One Report Found Pseudomonas Bacteria In Duodenal Fluid
The COVID Case Report Notes A Handful Of Cases Linked To Bacteria
Fatty Liver Studies Cited In The Review Suggest A Bacterial Origin
The Review Authors Say Those Bacteria Might Also Cause Auto Brewery
A Cohort Study Then Compared Patients With Partners
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WHAT THE COHORT STUDY FOUND IN STOOL 🧫
The Cohort Study Was Observational
It Enrolled 22 Patients With Documented Auto Brewery Syndrome
Each Was Diagnosed By A Blood Alcohol Rise After A Glucose Challenge
It Also Enrolled 21 Unaffected Household Partners
A Total Of 91 People Were Screened Before Enrollment
Household Partners Helped Control For Environment And Diet
Researchers Collected Stool In Remission And During A Flare
A Flare Meant Intoxication Symptoms Or Detectable Blood Alcohol
Flare Stool Produced More Ethanol In Laboratory Cultures
Treating Cultures With An Antibiotic Reduced The Ethanol
An Antifungal Drug Had No Significant Effect Overall
The Antifungal Partially Reduced Ethanol In Three Patient Samples
Sequencing Found More Proteobacteria In Patients During A Flare
The Enrichment Included Escherichia Coli And Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Blood Alcohol Level Correlated With Proteobacteria Abundance
Fungal Sequencing Found No Significant Difference From Partners
No Fungal Growth Appeared In Stool From Patients Or Partners
The Authors Say Antifungals After Diagnosis May Have Suppressed Fungi
They Cannot Rule Out A Role For Fungi In Certain Patients
The Team Then Tested Whether Proteobacteria Overgrowth Alone Is Enough
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is Known For Proteobacteria Overgrowth
So They Cultured Gut Microbes From Patients With That Disease
Those Cultures Did Not Make Significantly More Ethanol
The Authors Suggest Overgrowth Alone Is Not Sufficient
They Suggest Gut Bacteria Are Important Contributors
