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SELF JUDGMENT SEPARATES THE TWO HALVES OF PERFECTIONISM
Perfectionism Is A Trait Psychologists Actually Score
High Standards Are Only Part Of What The Scoring Includes
The Rest Is Self Judgment And A Belief That Others Require Perfection
Two Scales Built In 1990 And 1991 Set The Terms
Researchers Sort The Results Into Strivings And Concerns
Only The Concerns Half Is Tied To Negative Characteristics
This Part Covers Both Scales And What They Separate
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TWO SCALES DEFINE THE FIELD 📋
Frost And Three Colleagues Published A Scale In 1990
Their Scale Has 35 Items
It Sorts Perfectionism Into Six Subscales
Concern Over Mistakes And Personal Standards Are Two Of Them
Parental Expectations And Parental Criticism Are Two More
Doubts About Actions Is On That List Too
Organization Completes The Set
The First Five Are The Core Dimensions Of That Scale
Organization Was Only Loosely Related To The Other Scales
Those Authors Recommended Leaving It Out Of The Total
Concern Over Mistakes Means Reacting Negatively To Mistakes
It Also Means Treating A Mistake As Personal Failure
That Dimension Includes A Conviction That Mistakes Get Judged Harshly
Personal Standards Is The Tendency To Set Excessively High Goals
The Same Authors Added One Condition To That
Standards Are Perfectionistic Only With Critical Self Evaluation
Paul Hewitt And Gordon Flett Published A Different Scale In 1991
Theirs Has 45 Items
Three Subscales Of 15 Items Each Divide It
Both Scales Are Still In Use
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THE THREE DIRECTIONS 🎯
Hewitt And Flett Sorted Perfectionism By Direction Instead
The Primary Difference Is Not The Behavior Pattern Itself
It Is The Object The Perfectionistic Behavior Is Directed At
Self Oriented Perfectionism Is The Version Aimed Inward
That Dimension Includes Setting Exacting Standards For Oneself
It Also Includes Censuring One's Own Behavior Stringently
Other Oriented Perfectionism Is Aimed At Everyone Else
That Person Has Unrealistic Standards For Significant Others
Importance Is Placed On Other People Being Perfect
Their Performance Gets Evaluated Stringently
Socially Prescribed Perfectionism Is The Third Dimension
It Is The Perceived Need To Attain Standards Prescribed By Others
The Person Perceives That Significant Others Require Perfection
Those Others Are Believed To Evaluate Them Stringently
A Greater Fear Of Negative Evaluation Was Expected From Them
The Three Directions Are Scored Separately Rather Than As One Thing
Hewitt And Flett Reported Some Overlap Between The Subscales
The Subscales Were Still Relatively Distinct
A Narrow Focus On The Inward Version Probably Obscured Findings
Those Missed Findings Involved The Other Two Directions
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STRIVINGS AND CONCERNS ⚖️
Researchers Later Grouped These Facets Into Two Dimensions
Joachim Stoeber And Kathleen Otto Reviewed That Work In 2006
Stoeber And Otto Called Them Perfectionistic Strivings And Concerns
High Personal Standards Is One Core Facet Of Strivings
Self Oriented Perfectionism Is The Second Core Facet
Concerns Is Built From Four Different Facets
Two Of Them Are Concern Over Mistakes And Doubts About Actions
The Socially Prescribed Direction Belongs Here As Well
A Perceived Discrepancy Between Achievement And Goals Is The Fourth
The Strivings Dimension Is Associated With Positive Characteristics
That Association Is Strongest When Overlap With Concerns Is Removed
The Concerns Dimension Is Associated With Negative Ones
A Person Can Score High On Both Dimensions At Once
Stoeber And Otto Call That Combination Unhealthy Perfectionism
High Strivings With Low Concerns Is Their Healthy Group
Low Strivings Alone Makes A Nonperfectionist
Someone Who Calls Themselves A Perfectionist Names Their Standards
Nothing In That Statement Names The Concerns Half
The Negative Findings Attach To Concerns Rather Than The Whole Trait
Those Two Dimensions Are Not The Same Score
