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EVER WONDER WHERE LSD COMES FROM?
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Begins With A Parasitic Rye Fungus
That Organism Supplies A Natural Acid And Nothing Further
A Laboratory Process Turns That Acid Into The Drug Itself
That Places The Result Between Natural And Fully Synthetic
Its Structure Determines Where It Attaches In The Brain
A Pharmacology Review Gathered The Experimental Work On That Binding
Which Receptor Produces The Effect Is Narrowed Without Being Settled
The Amount Needed To Produce An Effect Is Too Small For Milligrams
Micrograms Are The Unit The Research Uses Instead
THIS NEWSLETTER IS FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. NOTHING IN THIS CONTENT CONSTITUTES MEDICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, OR PROFESSIONAL ADVICE. ALWAYS CONSULT A QUALIFIED HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONAL BEFORE MAKING ANY HEALTH RELATED DECISIONS.
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OKAY BACK FROM THE LAB 🧪
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WHERE THE MOLECULE COMES FROM 🌾
Claviceps Purpurea Is A Parasitic Fungus That Grows On Rye
Fungi Of That Genus Are Known As The Ergot Fungi
The Compounds They Make Are Called Ergot Alkaloids
Those Alkaloids Resemble Neurotransmitters In Structure
That Resemblance Is Why They Interact With Receptors
Lysergic Acid Is A Natural Substance From That Fungus
That Acid Is The Starting Material And Not The Drug Itself
Chemists Convert It Into Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
A Pharmacology Review Calls That Result A Semisynthetic Substance
The Fungus Supplies The Acid And A Laboratory Does The Rest
That Molecule Consists Of An Indole System With A Tetracyclic Ring
The Chemical Formula Is C20H25ON3
Carbons 5 And 8 Within It Are Asymmetric
That Asymmetry Makes Four Optically Active Isomers Possible
Only The D Isomer Has Psychoactive Properties
The D Isomer Crystallizes From Benzene In Pointed Prisms
It Is Water Soluble
Its Melting Point Is 83 Degrees Celsius
Solutions Of It Are Usually Stabilised As A Tartrate Salt
The Molar Mass Is 323.42 Grams Per Mole
Many Related Compounds Have Been Made And Studied
Only Those Altered At The N Six Position Approach Its Potency
What The Molecule Does Depends On Where It Binds
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WHAT IT DOES IN THE BRAIN 🧠
Serotonin Is A Natural Signal Used Throughout The Brain
Its Receptors Come In Many Different Subtypes
The Drug Occupies Those Receptors Without Being Serotonin
It Acts As A Partial Agonist At Five Of Them
An Agonist Is Something That Activates A Receptor
Partial Means It Activates Them Without Doing So Fully
The Serotonin 1A And 2A Subtypes Are Two Of The Five
On 1A The Drug Inhibits Firing And Serotonin Release
That Effect Is Inhibitory While The 2A Effect Is Stimulatory
The Review Calls It A Mixed Partial Agonist For That Reason
That Combination Can Make It Appear As An Antagonist Instead
An Antagonist Blocks A Receptor Rather Than Activating It
The Hallucinogenic Effect Has Been Linked To The Serotonin 2 Receptor
Other Hallucinogens Share That Same Property
Their Psychoactive Doses Correlate With Their Potency There
Most Data Point To A Specific Serotonin 2A Mechanism
A Serotonin 2C Contribution Cannot Be Ruled Out
The 2A Receptors Themselves Are Expressed On Cortical Cells
Activating Them Raises Cortical Glutamate Levels
Whether 2A Carries The Effect Can Be Tested By Blocking It
Modern Work Gave Volunteers A Receptor Blocker Before The Drug
Pretreatment Fully Prevented The Effects On A Rating Scale
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WHY THE UNIT IS MICROGRAMS 💧
A Microgram Is One Millionth Of A Gram
The Threshold Dose Is Commonly Accepted At 15 Micrograms
Body Weight Gives A Second Way To State That Threshold
Physical Effects Begin At 0.5 To 1.0 Micrograms Per Kilogram
A Review Puts The Minimal Recognisable Dose Around 25 Micrograms
Threshold And Recognisable Are Two Different Measurements
That Review Puts A Moderate Dose At 75 To 150 Micrograms
Around 300 Micrograms Counts As A Heavy Dose
Each Of Those Figures Assumes The Dose Was Swallowed
Swallowed Doses Are Completely Absorbed In The Digestive Tract
A Large Meal Halved Plasma Levels Against An Empty Stomach
Other Studies Timed Both The Start And The Finish
Onset At 100 Micrograms Averaged 0.8 Hours
A 200 Microgram Dose Reached Onset In 0.4 Hours
The Mean Effect At 100 Micrograms Lasted 8.2 Hours
Individual Volunteers Ranged From 5 To 14 Hours
The 200 Microgram Dose Averaged 11.2 Hours
Plasma Half Life Came Out At 2.9 Hours
Those Figures Come From Studies In Healthy Volunteers
No Deaths Have Been Attributed To The Direct Effects
That Statement Is About Direct Toxicity And Nothing Else
Psychiatric Complications Have Been Reported Outside Research Settings
Neither Finding Is About The Same Kind Of Harm
